Pete wanted to know the origin of a hat trick. So here it is.....Hat-trick
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A hat-trick in sports is associated with succeeding at anything three times in three consecutive attempts. In North America it is often rendered as hat trick, with no hyphen. (The Oxford English Dictionary has it unhyphenated and gives a variety of examples published in the 19th and 20th centuries both with and without the hyphen.)
The term was originally used in cricket, and was connected with the custom of giving a hat or cap to a bowler who achieved the feat of taking three wickets in a row. It may be connected with the concept of giving someone their "cap", i.e. acknowledging them as a regular member of a representative team. Another school of thought mentions that a bowler was challenged if he could take three in three. Hats were passed around to collect the odds. The bowler succeeded and collected the large amount of cash. Thus the term hat-trick could have been also derived from this event.
Cricket
A hat-trick occurs in cricket when a bowler dismisses three batsmen with consecutive deliveries. The deliveries may be interrupted by an over bowled by another bowler from the other end of the pitch or the other team's innings, but must be three consecutive deliveries by the individual bowler. Only wickets attributed to the bowler count; i.e., run outs do not contribute to a hat-trick.
Hat tricks are very rare and as such are highly treasured by bowlers. The term was first used to describe H.H. Stephenson's feat in 18581 and was used in print for the first time in 18782. In Test cricket history there have been just 36 hat-tricks, the first achieved by Fred Spofforth for Australia against England in 1879, and the most recent by Irfan Pathan for India against Pakistan in 2006. In 1912, Australian Jimmy Matthews achieved the feat twice in one game against South Africa. The only other players to achieve two hat-tricks are Australia's Hugh Trumble, against England in 1902 and 1904, and Pakistan's Wasim Akram, in separate games against Sri Lanka in 1999. Nuwan Zoysa achieved a hat-trick with his first three deliveries in a Test Match against Zimbabwe in the 1999-2000 season.
In One-day International cricket there have been 20 hat-tricks, the first by Jalal-ud-Din for Pakistan against Australia in 1982, and the latest by Charl Langeveldt for South Africa against the West Indies in 2005. Chaminda Vaas has taken two one-day international hat-tricks (against Zimbabwe and Bangladesh).
Taking two wickets in two consecutive deliveries is occasionally known as a brace, or being on a hat-trick.
Four wickets in four balls is sometimes called a double hat-trick - as it will contain two different sets of three consecutively dismissed batsmen.
Marbles
In this sport, a hat-trick occurs when a player hits all marbles in a single turn.
Hockey
In both field hockey and ice hockey a hat-trick is when a player scores three goals in a single game. The term was brought to ice hockey in the 1940s when Sammy Taft, a Toronto hatter, gave free hats to Maple Leafs players who scored three goals in a game. It is not certain whether he picked up this practice from cricket.
If a member of the home team in ice hockey scores a hat-trick, fans acknowledge it by throwing their own hats from the stands onto the ice, often causing a delay in play. In the mid-1990s, Florida Panthers fans celebrated goals (not hat-tricks) by throwing plastic rats onto the ice. The history of this goes back to an incident in December of 1995, when Scott Mellanby scored what teammate John Vanbiesbrouck dubbed a "rat trick" after ridding the Panthers' locker room of an unwanted rat with his stick on the same night he scored a pair of goals. When Mellanby scored a hat trick in a later game some fans threw plastic rats on the ice, and the practice became universal for Panthers hat tricks. The NHL later responded by banning the throwing of objects onto the ice by fans at the cost of a penalty for the home team, but specifically allowed the traditional throwing of hats to continue.
The term natural hat trick refers to either of two feats: when a player scores three goals in the same period, or when a player scores three goals consecutively.
A player accomplishes a Gordie Howe hat trick by scoring a goal, getting an assist, and winning a fight, all in the same game.
Football (soccer)
A hat-trick occurs in football when a player scores three goals in a single game.
In most professional games the scorer of the hat-trick is allowed to return home with the match ball as a souvenir.
Some regard a "true", or "perfect" hat-trick as one where the player scores with both feet and their head in the same match (or less commonly by a header, leg shot, and penalty or free kick), though this is obviously very rare. The most common definition of a "true" hat-trick is where a player scores three goals in the same half of the match. Yet another definition, known in Germany and in Norway, is that the player scores three goals in the same net without anyone else scoring between the player's first and third goal, a "flawless" hat-trick.
Scoring two goals in the same match is also commonly known as a "brace".
Rugby
In both codes of rugby football (rugby union and rugby league) a hat-trick is scored if a player scores three or more tries. A related concept is that of a "full house", scoring a try, conversion, penalty goal, and drop goal.
Baseball
When one batter strikes out three times in a single baseball game it is sometimes jokingly referred to as a hat trick. Four strikeouts in one game is referred to as a golden sombrero, five in one game is called a platinum sombrero, and six in one game is known as a Horn, after Sam Horn of the Baltimore Orioles who accomplished the feat in an extra-inning game in 1991. Alex Gonzales of the Toronto Blue Jays tied the record in 1998.
References
Note 1: Extended Oxford English Dictionary 1999 Edition : "It came into use after HH Stephenson took three wickets in three balls for the all-England eleven against the twenty-two of Hallam at the Hyde Park ground, Sheffield in 1858.
"A collection was held for Stephenson (as was customary for outstanding feats by professionals) and he was presented with a cap or hat bought with the proceeds."
Note 2: The Oxford Companion to Australian Cricket (Oxford University Press, 1996) mentions that the word hat-trick was used in print for the first time in The Sportsman to describe Spofforth clean bowling three consecutive batsmen in the match against Hastings and Districts at the Oval on Aug 29, 1878.
Spofforth did take a hat-trick and nine wickets in 20 balls against the XVIII of Hastings and Districts in 1878 (not a first class match), but the dates are incorrect.
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